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. van Westing, L.M. 2000 Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in apple fruit: Characterisation of variation Scientia Hort. 83 249 263 Barbehenn, R.V. Constabel, P. 2011 Tannins in plant–herbivore interactions Phytochemistry 72 1551 1565 Bate-Smith, E

spring or fall main florets. It was found that the seasonal variation had no significant effects on the level of apigenine derivative, gallic acid, and chlorogenic acid. An exception for this is the 89% to 91% decrease in the fall rainfed treatment in

, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and diferulic acid were present in all genotypes. Malic acid, dihydroferulic acid, and caffeyl tartaric acid were identified, but only in greenish-purple and green 2 genotypes. Some phenolic glucosides, such as

, and the solution was allowed to stand for 1 h at room temperature (22 °C). Absorbance of the resulting blue complex was measured at 750 nm using a spectrophotometer (Genesys 10S Vis; Fisher Scientific). Chlorogenic acid was used as the standard. Total

cutting Eur. J. Biochem. 73 255 260 Thompson, D.P. 1981 Chlorogenic acid and other phenolic compounds in fourteen sweet potato cultivars J. Food Sci. 46 738 740 Uritani, I. 1998 Biochemical comparison in storage: Stress response between sweetpotato and

hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Among them, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were reported to improve cardiovascular function and attenuate hypertension in hypertensive rats ( Alam et al., 2013 ; Suzuki et al., 2006 ). Biotic and abiotic factors are associated

( National Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2015 ). The content of total flavonoid (TF) was determined using an aluminium chloride colorimetric method; the contents of chlorogenic acid (ChA), caffeic acid (CaA), rosmarinic acid (RA), oleanolic acid (OA), and ursolic

of the designated phenolics: chlorogenic, p-coumaric, caffeic, sinapic and ferulic acids, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Peaks for each phenolic compound were quantified and identified at 330 nm by comparing them with standard

, chlorogenic acid, D-(-)-mannitol, DL-malic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, rutin, α,α-trehalose, and β-carotene (Nos. 1 to 8 in Table 2 ). Combining NMR spectra and MS, the main structural units in sweet cherry leaves are shown in Table 2 . Table 2. 13 C

( Canellas et al., 2002 ; Muscolo et al., 1998 ) added to the rooting medium. Therefore, four phenolic compounds were determined during induction of adventitious root formation in evergreen azalea. It was reported that ferulic, gallic, and chlorogenic acid