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characteristics of seashore paspalum or ‘Diamond’ zoysiagrass, a study by Dunn et al. (1981) assessing ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica ) reported thatch-mat depth accumulations between 19 and 39 mm when mowed at a 19-mm height, which mostly exceeded the

levels in cultural solutions. Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ), centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides ), zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella ), seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum ), and st. augustinegrass ( Stenotaphrum secundatum

activities, maintaining the integrity of cell membranes, and increasing photosynthetic efficiency (higher maximum quantum yield of PSII) in Zoysia japonica ( Xu et al., 2013 ). CaCl 2 treatment also alleviated water deficit-induced damages and increased

bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L.) and centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides ) ( Sartain and Volk, 1984 ) and weight loss of bermudagrass pellets, St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Stued

2,4-D with a lower concentration of cytokinins in the callus induction medium resulted in the formation of very compact embryogenic callus structure in zoysiagrass [ Zoysia japonica ( Chai et al., 2011 )]. However, in our study, the embryogenic

( Agrostis spp.), tall fescue, bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy], and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) ( DaCosta and Huang, 2006 ; Fu et al., 2004 ). In regions where periods of drought are typically short

.) Greene spp. stricta (Torr.) Thorne] > alkali sacaton [ Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr.] > bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (L.). Pers] and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) > sand dropseed [ S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray

sod of five warm-season grasses, Doss et al. (1960) found that rooting depth was decreased for all species as the amount of water applied was increased. Qian and Fry (1996) examined the effect on water extraction by zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica

[ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers]. and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica ) establishment after preemergence herbicide applications Weed Technol. 16 597 602 Ferrell, J.A. Murphy, T.R. Vencill, W.K. 2003 Tolerance of

a mechanism of interference between many plant species. Allelopathic effects of perennial ryegrass on bermudagrass have been suggested but not examined. Perennial ryegrass has been reported to have inhibitory effects on ‘Zenith’ zoysiagrass ( Zoysia