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courses. In addition, costs associated with purchase of herbicide and seed may be prohibitive for some operations. To avoid the expense associated with sodding golf course fairways and tees, Meyer zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica ), another warm

has been reported for three turf species including Poa pratensis , F. arundinacea , and Zoysia japonica ( Han et al., 2008 ). TE application may increase leaf water content by decreasing leaf growth rate and evapotranspiration rate, or by improving

. Color changes during this period in the transition zones have been studied extensively in warm-season grasses. Pompeiano et al. (2014) found that zoysiagrass ( Zoysia sp.) species/cultivars provided significantly longer dormancy period than fine

levels in cultural solutions. Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ), centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides ), zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella ), seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum ), and st. augustinegrass ( Stenotaphrum secundatum

bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L.) and centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides ) ( Sartain and Volk, 1984 ) and weight loss of bermudagrass pellets, St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Stued

2,4-D with a lower concentration of cytokinins in the callus induction medium resulted in the formation of very compact embryogenic callus structure in zoysiagrass [ Zoysia japonica ( Chai et al., 2011 )]. However, in our study, the embryogenic

activities, maintaining the integrity of cell membranes, and increasing photosynthetic efficiency (higher maximum quantum yield of PSII) in Zoysia japonica ( Xu et al., 2013 ). CaCl 2 treatment also alleviated water deficit-induced damages and increased

under zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) watered at the onset of wilt had roots extracting water at depths greater than 50 cm, whereas soil under turf previously watered daily did not exhibit a similar drying pattern ( Qian and Fry, 1996

). Traditionally, the main turfgrasses grown in the transition zone are zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.), bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.), and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) ( Beard, 1973

sod of five warm-season grasses, Doss et al. (1960) found that rooting depth was decreased for all species as the amount of water applied was increased. Qian and Fry (1996) examined the effect on water extraction by zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica