ability to precipitate proteins ( Bate-Smith, 1962 ). In apples, they are comprised of procyanidins (polymers of catechin and epicatechin flavan-3-ol subunits), and greater concentrations are highly desired by cider makers because of the bitter and
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Adam D. Karl, Michael G. Brown, Sihui Ma, Ann Sandbrook, Amanda C. Stewart, Lailiang Cheng, Anna Katharine Mansfield, and Gregory M. Peck
Yi Gong, Ronald B. Pegg, Adrian L. Kerrihard, Brad E. Lewis, and Richard J. Heerema
(phenolic acids, catechin, epicatechin), 320 nm (phenolic acids, notably of the trans -cinnamic acid family), and 360 nm (flavonols). Mobile phases A and B were prepared with H 2 O/CH 3 CN/CH 3 COOH (94:5:1, v/v/v) and H 2 O/CH 3 CN/CH 3 COOH (59:40:1, v
Yanjie Wang, Yeqing Chen, Man Yuan, Zeyun Xue, Qijiang Jin, and Yingchun Xu
nm. Flavonoid contents were determined by a catechin standard curve and expressed as catechin equivalent on a fresh weight (FW) basis. Anthocyanin contents were measured by a modified pH differential method ( Niu et al., 2010 ; Wrolstand et al., 1982
Clara Pelayo-Zaldívar, Jameleddine Ben Abda, Susan E. Ebeler, and Adel A. Kader
. Cheynier, V. Moutounet, M. 1999 Competition between (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin in acetaldehyde-induced polymerization of flavanols J. Agr. Food Chem. 47 2088 2095 Fernandez-Trujillo, J.P. Nock, J
Nobuyuki Fukuoka, Takamoto Suzuki, Keisuke Minamide, and Tatsuro Hamada
at 540 nm. Results were expressed as milligrams of catechin equivalent per gram fresh weight. Results Light intensity and leaf temperature. The daily maximum air temperature in the shade plot was ≈37 °C, 2 to 5 °C lower than in the control (data not
Attila Ombódi, Noémi Koczka, Andrea Lugasi, Hussein Gehad Daood, Mária Berki, and Lajos Helyes
-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique based on the European Standard (2003) . The analyses of total polyphenols were completed according to the Folin-Denis method, spectrophotometrically at 760 nm, using catechin as the standard ( Association of
Marcia Vizzotto, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, David H. Byrne, David W. Ramming, and W.R. Okie
catechin and epicatechin, and flavonols such as quercetin 3-rutinoside have been identified in peaches and plums ( Kim et al., 2003a ; Tomás-Barberán et al., 2001 ). Anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds are responsible for many health benefits
Jinwook Lee, James P. Mattheis, and David R. Rudell
, F.A. 1997 Oxidation of chlorogenic acid, catechins, and 4-methylcatechol in model solutions by combinations of pear ( Pyrus communis cv. Williams) polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase: A possible involvement of peroxidase in enzymatic browning J. Agr
Fhatuwani N. Mudau, Puffy Soundy, and Elsa S. du Toit
, M. Takada, K. Makimura, M. Otake, S. 2002 Improvement of periodontal status by green tea catechin using a local delivery system: a clinical pilot study Alt. Med. Rev. 37 433 438 Kainulanaine, P
Adrienne E. Kleintop, James R. Myers, Dimas Echeverria, Henry J. Thompson, and Mark A. Brick
were tentatively identified by Abu-Reidah et al. (2013) . The individual compounds that predominate are quercetin and kaempferol as the main flavonol glucosides along with (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin, chlorogenic and protocatechuic acids, as well