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; Rotronic, Bassersdorf, Switzerland) were used. A mass flow controller (5850TR; Brooks Instrument, Hatfield, PA) enabled controlled injections of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and measurements of the injected CO 2 . The actual CO 2 concentrations were measured

hydration overnight as described previously. Fully turgid leaves were then frozen in liquid N, and Ψ π 100 was measured as Ψ π . Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Net assimilation of CO 2 (A CO2 ), leaf transpiration (E), g S , intercellular

humidity was 60% to 80%. Measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The P n , g s , intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), and T r were measured using the third fully expanded mature leaves (one leaf per plant; five plants per

intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) were measured with a GFS-3000 portable photosynthesis measurement system (Heinz Walz GmbH). The gas flow rate was 750 μmol⋅m −2 ⋅s −1 , the fan speed of the gas mixer comprised seven stages, and the leaf chamber area was

intercellular CO 2 decrease slightly, and stomatal limitations to gas exchange dominate ( Cifre et al., 2005 ). At severe water deficits ( g S less than 0.05 mol·m −2 ·s −1 H 2 O), P n further decreases and c i increases indicating that non

temperature treatments. Based on work by Choi and Gerber (1992) , sweet pepper leaves take 4 to 5 weeks from the beginning of formation until full expansion. Measurements included net CER, stomatal conductance ( g S ), intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci

exchange. Leaf intercellular CO 2 concentration, g S , and net CO 2 assimilation rate were measured on the last fully expanded leaf at Week 2 and Week 4 of the experiment. Measurements were made using a portable photosynthesis measurement system (LI-6400

intercellular CO 2 concentration data by measurement date in 2009 and 2010. z Fig. 5. Intercellular CO 2 concentration of leaflets from fruiting and non-fruiting shoots on low, medium, and high nitrogen (N) status pecan trees. Tree N status groupings were

growth index. Results Net photosynthetic rate, g S , intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate at different phosphorus levels. The net photosynthetic rate showed a single peak trend with the increase of phosphorus

plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, because it induces CO 2 absorption into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll as a result of guard cells being stimulated and produces the energy required to open the stomata by inducing photophosphorylation