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twigs as well ( Guerriero, 1982 ; Hatch and Walker, 1969 ; Hewett, 1976 ; Layne and Gadsby, 1995 ; Miranda et al., 2005 ; Proebsting and Mills, 1978 ; Quamme, 1974 ; Szabó, 1992 ; Werner et al., 1993 ). Farm experience shows that during dormancy

received 100 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 of photosynthetically active radiation (4 6500 °K Spectralux ® T5 High Output Fluorescent lamp; Sunlight Supply, Inc., Vancouver, WA) in an indoor, controlled environment maintained at 21 °C. The healing process took 5 d

programs. Most schools had outdoor gardening plots on their property. A couple of the schools borrowed space from neighboring farmers. One school even rented some space from a farm. Some schools used planters or pots within classrooms or outside the

The greenhouse industry, including floriculture and greenhouse vegetables, is an important part of U.S. agriculture, with a 2012 farm gate value of ≈$6.5 billion ( U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2014 ). Crop

collected from the Utah State University Greenville Research Farm (North Logan, UT) on 16 July 2019. Except for the two to three pairs of leaves at the top, leaves were removed from cuttings. Cuttings were dipped in 1000 mg·L −1 indole-3-butyric acid

-value specialty crops has the potential to significantly increase edible yield while reducing the consumption of electricity. While SL spectra optimization is important for yield and energy efficiency in greenhouse production, it is even more critical for indoor

minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony” ( USDA, 1995 ). The USDA National Organic Program (NOP) administers and publishes organic regulations with input from the public and the

samples originated from on-farm or municipal composting facilities in western Oregon and Washington. Organic materials were composted for a minimum of 90 d before sample collection. Bulk compost samples (≈100 L) for our research were collected at the end

and indoor warming imposed by tropical extensive green roof Ecol. Eng. 62 1 12 Jim, C.Y. Peng, L.L.H. 2012 Weather effect on thermal and energy performance of an extensive tropical green roof Urban For. Urban Green. 11 73 85 Jun, Y. Qian, Y. Peng, G

There are more than 2000 farms engaged in seedling (plug) and cutting (liner) production in the United States, with 345 ha under protection and annual sales of $644 million ( U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2019 ). Many greenhouse operations use