leaf discs, ≈0.1 g each in fresh weight (FW), were collected from the leaf 30 min before the light (pre-dawn) and the dark period (pre-dusk). Samples were frozen immediately in liquid N 2 and stored at –50 °C for further analyses as described
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Woei-Jiun Guo, Yu-Zu Lin, and Nean Lee
Geoffrey Weaver and Marc W. van Iersel
for carbohydrate production in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. However, not all light absorbed by photosynthetic pigments is used to drive the light reactions; a significant amount is dissipated as heat, and a small fraction is reemitted as
Cynthia B. McKenney, Sandra A. Balch, and Dick L. Auld
composes a dense crown covered with dark purple florets (purple–violet group 82A) with a light-yellow eye (yellow group 8D) ( Royal Horticulture Society, 2001 ). The spike inflorescence is composed of 20 to 30 florets. ‘Raider Amethyst’ blooms from late
Katrine Heinsvig Kjaer and Carl-Otto Ottosen
been shown for plants grown in conditions in which light–dark cycles were unmatched to the endogenous circadian clock period of 24 h in plant mutants ( Dodd et al., 2005 ) and in wild-type plants in short-day conditions ( Hurd, 1973 ; Langton et al
Gioia D. Massa, Hyeon-Hye Kim, Raymond M. Wheeler, and Cary A. Mitchell
under a 24-h photoperiod at 350 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 PPF in each case. The findings showed that wheat could complete a life cycle with red light alone, although added blue light produced larger plants with greater numbers of seeds. One percent blue (≈3
Joshua K. Craver, Joshua R. Gerovac, Roberto G. Lopez, and Dean A. Kopsell
, and sometimes BC, are quickly converted to ZEA to maintain the integrity of the D1 protein of PSII ( Depka et al., 1998 ; Havaux et al., 2007 ; Polle et al., 2001 ). It may be possible that changes in light quality from SS LEDs can impact ZEA cycling
Zhong-Hua Bian, Rui-Feng Cheng, Qi-Chang Yang, Jun Wang, and Chungui Lu
. Hort. 172 168 175 Cheung, C.Y.M. Poolman, M.G. Fell, D.A. Ratcliffe, R.G. Sweetlove, L.J. 2014 A diel flux balance model captures interactions between light and dark metabolism during day-night cycles in C 3 and crassulacean acid metabolism leaves
Young-Hwan Shin, Rui Yang, Yun-Long Shi, Xu-Min Li, Qiu-Yue Fu, Jian-Liang Lu, Jian-Hui Ye, Kai-Rong Wang, Shi-Cheng Ma, Xin-Qiang Zheng, and Yue-Rong Liang
mechanism involves the conversion of V into Z. The interconversion of violaxanthin (V), antheraxanthin (A), and zeaxanthin (Z) (VAZ-cycle) plays an important role in NPQ. During exposure to excessive light, the enzyme violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) is
Baniekal Hiremath Gangadhar, Raghvendra Kumar Mishra, Gobinath Pandian, and Se Won Park
-COR, Lincoln, NE). The photoperiod of LEDs was set as 16 h light and 8 h dark. The photosynthesis photon flux level was adjusted to 70 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 for all lighting systems. Sampling procedure and data observation. The experiment was conducted in a growth
Zengqiang Ma, Shishang Li, Meijun Zhang, Shihao Jiang, and Yulan Xiao
, artificial light is the sole light source for plant growth; photosynthetic photon flux ( PPF ), CO 2 concentration, air temperature, relative humidity, and air speed are well controlled for optimizing plant productivity and quality. The major advantages of