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‘Spina Carpi’ ( Quarta and Puggioni, 1985 ), ‘Triomphe de Ronchin’, ‘Joséphine des Malines’, ‘Doyenne du Poitiers’, and ‘D’Août Lamer’ ( Robert et al., 2004 , 2005 ). Higher levels of resistance have been identified in the small-fruited Asian pear

temperatures, especially at night, were associated with increased thinning of apples ( Byers, 2002 ) likely because of higher respiration. P n response to temperature was similar for leaves of apple and asian pear ( Pyrus serotina L.) ( Higgins et al., 1992

lignified cork coat, which was a bad quality trait of this variety because this coat would be affected by the environment or the cultivation techniques. Bagging is often used to protect fruits such as apple and Asian pear ( Huang et al., 2009 ; Ju, 1998

://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0949-y 10.1094/PDIS-07-16-0998-PDN Zhu, L.W. Tang, X.M. Lin, T.Y. Zhou, S.S. Liu, P. Ye, Z.F. Wang, D.S. Wu, Z.Y. 2017 First report of Fusarium root rot in Asian pear caused by Fusarium solani in China

-carotene levels increase with artificial light exposure in Asian pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia ) ( Sun et al., 2014 ) and high light in apple peel ( Felicetti and Schrader, 2009a ; Ma and Cheng, 2003 ), lower levels in external ‘d’Anjou’ pear peel and cortex indicate

and red pear cultivars with the aim of creating demand domestically and internationally, particularly in Asian markets. Early yields and fruit quality will be important factors determining returns on such investments ( Stott et al., 2018 ; Tomkins

scientists. Four trips were taken solely in Kazakhstan, a center of diversity for Malus . Ancient Malus species were disseminated by birds and mammals to central Asia. Malus sieversii likely evolved in the isolated area of the Tien Shan Mountains

combines the quality of European pear trees ( P. communis ) with the low number of chill hours required by the Asian pear tree ( P. pyrifolia ) ( Chagas et al., 2008 ). Low fruit set is one of the limiting factors in the expansion of pear tree crops in

plant species between Central Asian institutions and interested scientists and organizations around the world. Literature Cited Abdrakhmanov, S.G. 1969 Brief results of the selection and breeding of new cultivars of pears and stone fruit crops. Trudy

Japanese pear is one of the leading cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. After apple ( Malus ×domestica ) and citrus ( Citrus sp.), it is the third largest fruit species in China, both in planting areas and fruit yield. As the top producing