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-shaped glass rod. The solution was acidified to pH 4.0 using lactic acid containing 20 drops per L of Tween-20 as surfactant. Low pH and surfactant increase spore discharge from pycinidia, prevent spore agglutination, and aid adhesion of spores to leaf and stem

. In both seasons, a fertilizer formulation of 26N–20.1P–49.8K was applied at rates of 146, 224, and 224 kg·ha −1 of N–P–K to maintain tomato growth and development. Cultivars Tomato cultivars included the following: Heinz 1370, a locally grown and

the middle part of the third fully developed leaf. The staining was carried out with safranin, and the cuts were performed with a microtome. A microscope was used to measure the cuticle ( Fig. 2 ). Each leaf and stem was measured in every replicate and

production of more than 111 million Mg of fruit. China and the Middle Eastern countries are the major producers and consumers ( FAO, 2015 ). In the United States, watermelon is used fresh as a dessert and in salads. Major production states in the United

affects the vegetative growth of plants ( Palta, 1990 ). Thus the recommended rate of fertilizer was applied to these crops. The lower biomass indicates less leaf area and lowered accumulation of resources needed to produce an ample amount of fruit. The

compared with HI. The impact of high irrigation application was more evident in fruit and leaf N accumulation compared with stem and root biomass, resulting in significantly lower yield. Therefore, based on crop performance and water savings, irrigation

blossom-end rot in tomato J. Expt. Bot. 44 509 518 Hosoi, N. Hosono, T. 2005 Liquid cultivation of tomato plants by daily control of fertilizer application in which there are no N/P/K residues in the culture solution and the area of leaf groups is used as

detect problems and adjust fertilizer programs for any nutrient because leaf concentrations are the most accurate indicator of fruit crop nutritional status. Because citrus is a perennial plant, it is its own best indicator of appropriate fertilization

demonstrated ( Aremu et al., 2012 ). Globally, tomato is recognized as one of the most popular and widely grown vegetable crops. It is easily grown in greenhouses, responds well to the application of fertilizers, and is known to be a heavy consumer of N–P–K

chlorosis and leaf mottling, excessive leaf drop, twig dieback, localized leaf necrosis, and increased fruit drop ( Chapman, 1968 ). K deficiency has been shown to promote loss of turgor and wilting during drought stress and impair stomatal functioning