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not adapt well to dry storage; for example, dahlia ( Dahlia hybrids), freesia ( Freesia hybrida ), gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii ), and gypsophila ( Gypsophila elegans ) ( Nowak and Rudnicki, 1990 ). Species prone to botrytis ( Botrytis cinerea ) should

used to increase storage duration and decrease the storage volume of cut flowers. However, the vase life and quality of some species, such as ranunculus ( Ranunculus asiaticus ), dahlia ( Dahlia hybrids), and iceland poppy ( Papaver nudicaule ) ( Dole

were not different from the control. Hatterman-Valenti and Mayland (2005) showed that sublethal rates of 2,4-D and dicamba reduced flowering of floss flower and sweet alyssum more than in dahlia ( Dahlia hortensis ), zonal geranium, impatiens, african

‘Katz Lavender Blue’), zinnia ( Zinnia elegans ‘Benary Giant Scarlet’), dahlia ( Dahlia × hybrida ‘Karma Thalia Dark Fuschia’), lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum ‘Mariachi Blue’), and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ‘Sunrich Yellow’ and ‘Premier Lemon

.M. Zenaida, V. Fanelli, F.L. Fonteno, W.F. 2009 Postharvest evaluation of cut dahlia, linaria, lupine, poppy, rudbeckia, trachelium, and zinnia HortTechnology 19 593 600 Dole, J.M. Carlson, A.S. Crawford, B.D. McCall, I.F. 2013 Vase life of new cut flowers

and photoperiod effects on growth and development of dahlia HortScience 118 36 42 https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.118.1.36 Cave, R.L. Hammer, G.L. McLean, G. Birch, C.J. Erwin, J.E. Johnston, M.E. 2013 Modelling temperature

germination percentage and increased time to germination, suggesting that the optimal temperature (T opt ) for germination is around 25 °C. T opt for rate of progress toward flowering varied from 19.1 °C for Dahlia ‘Figaro Mix’ to >30 °C (the highest

handling information is needed. Dole et al. (p. 593) found that cut stems of ‘Karma Thalia’ dahlia, ‘Sunrise’ lupine, ‘Indian Summer’ rudbeckia, ‘Jemmy Royal Purple’ trachelium, ‘Benary's Giant Scarlet’ zinnia, and ‘Sun Gold’ zinnia have excellent

fallow or cover crop, 1 or 2 years of rotational crops, and a 1- to 3-year nursery crop. Because fruit and nut plants are subject to infection by a number of soil-borne pests, including the pathogens Pythium spp. and Verticillium dahlia , parasitic

cut flower crops ( Reid and Jiang, 2012 ; van Doorn, 1996 ; Vehniwal and Abbey, 2019 ), including cestrum ( Abebie et al., 2008 ); bellflower, pincushion flower, hydrangea ( Clark et al., 2010 ); dahlia ( Dole et al., 2009 ); and sweet pea ( Elhindi