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central Asia ( Rubstov, 1944 ). Most cultivated pears are assigned to four species: P. pyrifolia , P. ussuriensis , P. × sinkiangensis , and P. communis ( Teng et al., 2002 ). The former three species are oriental pears; the last one is an occidental

. Akihama, T. Hayashi, T. 1998 Incongruence between RFLPs of chloroplast DNA and morphological classification in east Asian pear ( Pyrus spp.) Gene. Resour. Crop Ev. 45 533 539 Kimura, T. Iketani, H. Kotobuki, K. Matsutan, N. Ban, Y. Hayashi, T. Yamamoto, T

., 2014 , 2015 ). 1-MCP inhibits CHL activity and maintains green color in vegetables and fruit ( Chen et al., 2009 ; Gong and Mattheis, 2003 ). Recent studies indicate that 1-MCP can delay chlorophyll degradation in asian pears ( Pyrus bretschneideri

damage to the host plant. Resistance within the genus Pyrus to pear psylla has been demonstrated in the East Asian pear species P. betulifolia Bunge, P. calleryana Decne., P. fauriei Schneid., P. ussuriensis Maxim., and P. × bretschneideri

., and P. gharbiana Trab.), Asian pea pears ( P. betulifolia Bunge, P. calleryana Decne., P. dimorphophylla Makino, P. fauriei Schneid., and P. koehnei Schneider), and medium-large fruited Asian pears ( P. hondoensis Kik. et Nak., P

Cactus pear is a Mexican fruit crop cultivated extensively (about 51,000 ha) in the semiarid highlands of central Mexico. This crop has gained economic importance in countries of Europe, America, Asia, and Africa ( Basile, 2001 ). In Mexico, cactus

with the sugar component. The TSC of Asian pear fruit reportedly varies according to the cultivar ( Abe et al., 1995 ; Kajiura et al., 1979a ; Moriguchi et al., 1992 ). Furthermore, significant parent–offspring correlations or regression coefficients

Nations, 2010 ). Pyrus communis is the most commonly cultivated pear species in Europe, America, and Africa, whereas Pyrus pyrifolia is the main cultivated species in Asia ( Bell, 1991 ). Worldwide production of P. communis pears is based upon

-fruited Asian species ( P. betulifolia Bunge, P. calleryana Decne., P. fauriei Schneid., and smaller-fruited P. ussuriensis ) that are also resistant to pear psylla ( Westigard et al., 1970 ). The fruit traits of many of the cultivars and selections used

within the genus Pyrus to pear psylla has been demonstrated in the East Asian pear species P. betulifolia Bunge, P. calleryana Decne., P. fauriei Schneid., P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai, P. ussuriensis Maxim., and P. × bretschneideri Rehd.; in