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: Possible involvement of xanthophyll-cycle pigments Planta 198 324 333 Heath, R.L. Packer, L. 1968 Photoperoxidation isolated chloroplasts: Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125 189 198 Igarashi, D. Tsuchida, H

sensitive pathway genes determines salinity stress tolerance in Brassica genotypes Plant Physiol. Biochem. 51 90 101 Chen, L.S. Cheng, L. 2004 CO 2 assimilation, carbohydrate metabolism, xanthophyll cycle, and the antioxidant system of ‘Honeycrisp’ apple

light regime and water stress by the C3-CAM epiphyte Guzmania monostachia : Gas-exchange characteristics, photochemical efficiency and the xanthophyll cycle Funct. Ecol. 8 746 754 Maxwell, K. 2002 Resistance is useful: Diurnal patterns of photosynthesis

particularly vulnerable to photoinhibition or photo-oxidative damage ( Peng et al., 2008 ). Many plants have evolved mechanisms to dissipate excess absorbed light safely as thermal energy through the xanthophyll cycle ( Adams et al., 2004 ) and/or protect

. Adams W.W. III 1996 The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis Trends Plant Sci. 1 21 26 Dong, B. Sang, W.L. Jiang, X. Zhou, J.M. Kong, F.X. Hu

ascorbate recycling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 3525 3530 Cheng, L. Ma, F. 2004 Diurnal operation of the xanthophyll cycle and the antioxidant system in apple peel J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 129 313 320 Conklin, P.L. Gatzek, S. Wheeler, G.L. Dowdle, J

in leaves ( Ben Ahmed et al., 2009 ). Low temperatures increased the ratios of lutein, neoxanthin, and xanthophyll-cycle carotenoids and decreased the ratio of β-carotene to chlorophyll a + b in leaves of corn ( Zea mays ) ( Haldimann, 1998

differences in g m (or photosynthetic capacity). Therefore, it may be possible to screen for high WUE by screening for a high g m . Literature Cited Adams W.W. III Demmig-Adams, B. 1992 Operation of xanthophyll cycle in

. Examples of major screening pigments and their function. The two major classes of carotenoids are the xanthophylls (e.g., lutein and violaxanthin) and the carotenes (e.g., β-carotene). In the xanthophyll cycle, the role of violaxanthin is crucial as under

treatments alleviated photoinhibition of the photosystem II by positively impacting the xanthophyll cycle pigment concentrations in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), a calciphilous plant species, during heat stress and high light conditions (2013). In addition