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uptake and CO 2 production rates of the vegetables were measured by the closed method described in Fonseca et al. (2002) . It was important to relate O 2 uptake rate to cytochrome c oxidase concentrations estimated by two methods. On the other hand

P n , stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration rate (T r ), photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR ), and air temperature were measured simultaneously by an LI−6400 portable photosynthetic system (LI-COR). Light

concentration was based on the results of CA storage. Four enzyme-peeled slices weighing 150 to 180 g were packaged in OPP film (30 μm thick, 21 × 23 cm, O 2 permeability of 1170 mL·m −2 ·d −1 ·1013 hPa −1 ; Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) flushed

, leaf water status, mesophyll metabolites (i.e., ABA), root metabolites (i.e., cytokinins), salinity, and humidity, g S can be affected by intercellular and boundary layer CO 2 concentrations ( Farquhar and Sharkey, 1982 ). It is not conclusive

–1 ( Anderson, 1994 ; Lombardini et al., 2009 ). The reference carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration was kept at 400 µmol⋅mol –1 , near the global mean atmospheric concentration ( U.S. Department of Commerce, 2020 ). After P n and g S stabilized

internal factors that affect photosynthetic capacity and g S are related to carbon isotope discrimination (Δ 13 C) via their impact on the ratio between intercellular ( C i ) and atmospheric ( C a ) concentrations of CO 2 . In contrast to using gas

concentration (milligrams per gram of extract). Measurements of photosynthetic parameters. The photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ) responses of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration (Ci), transpiration rate

/LD and SR/HD, respectively. The SR/HD resulted in 16% higher g S than DR/HD planting. Use of CRF 1 increased photosynthesis (17%), intercellular CO 2 (10%), g S (45%), and transpiration (46%) compared with CRF 2 ( Table 7 ); however, FAM application

significant increase in g S and intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ), implying that high g S was responsible for the increasing intercellular CO 2 concentration and net CO 2 assimilation rate by grafting. He et al. (2009) reported a significant

replicate plant using a portable photosynthesis system (LI-6200; LI-COR Inc.) with a 0.25-L cuvette. Photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE = A CO2 E lf −1 ), g s , and intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ) were calculated by the system. The