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the most tolerant. Rosa ×fortuniana and ‘Dr. Huey’ had a higher restriction ability of Na uptake than the other two rootstocks. Leaf gas exchange. The most dramatic and readily measurable whole plant response to salinity is a decrease in stomatal

the top branches of T .118 plants had been observed to wilt irreversibly due to over dehydration. In addition, correlation analysis suggested that T .118 plants lost part of leaf water content at low stomatal aperture. On the other hand, superimposed

, predictable thinning outcomes can be difficult to achieve in cooler climates. Alternative thinning chemistries are needed. Abscisic acid is a plant hormone associated with abscission and plant dormancy ( Taiz and Zeiger, 2010 ). ABA also regulates stomatal

of water transpired by the plant is directly proportional to the water available for its development. Greater water availability from T1 favored stomatal aperture and transpiration, a process essential to the carbon assimilation, which facilitated the

and fourth leaf nodes and 70% reduction in P n in the fifth node but no difference in stomatal aperture or size compared with controls under microscopic examination. It may be that the leaf stomatal response in trees with optimal Mn (and therefore

possible role of ABA in regulating ion homeostasis under salinity. ABA regulates K + fluxes, K + channels, and membrane potential in roots cells; it also is well known to regulate ion transport in guard cells, which regulate stomatal aperture ( Roberts

leaves is negatively correlated with stomatal aperture ( Mahdieh and Mostajeran, 2009 ; Walton, 1980 ), thus limiting water lost as a result of transpiration ( Franks and Farquhar, 2001 ; Jiang and Hartung, 2008 ). Once a drought-stressed plant is

addition, all the plants in our experiment showed decreased g S values between 0800 hr and 1000 hr as well as lower F′ v /F′ m values ( Fig. 1A–B ) between 0630 hr and 1000 hr , probably as a result of limited stomatal aperture, because the

irrigation. Rapid decline in water potential was likely the result of greater boundary layer control over total transpiration from the canopy than stomatal aperture ( Zhang et al., 2007 ). Both species showed different responses when the soil dried and

between irrigated and nonirrigated lemon balm plants. However, water potential of the water-stressed plants remained relatively constant for 2 weeks due to the significant reduction of leaf stomatal aperture. In our case, the nonirrigated plants were not