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., 2011 ; Warsaw et al., 2009b ; Wilson et al., 2010 ). Nitrogen, phosphorus, EC, pH, and alkalinity levels are commonly considered basic measures of water quality, whereas the other variables may or may not be reported ( Argo and Biernbaum, 1996 ; Dole

production per animal rises. Adverse impacts on the environment often increase in step with yields and production ( Kramer et al., 2006 ; Reganold et al., 2001 ). For example, nitrogen use efficiency in corn systems typically declines as yields increase

et al., 2009 ). Several researchers have demonstrated a wide range of effects of fertilizer, including nitrogen on storage root yield of sweetpotatoes. For example, Jet and Mulkey (1996) reported that the applying N at 50.4 kg·ha −1 21 d after

Nitrogen management is an important cultural practice for perennial grass production. An insufficient N supply can weaken plants, but excessive applications of N may also lead to problems of plant health and vigor. The extensive use of N fertilizers

flowering species to support beneficial insects or legumes for nitrogen fixation ( Granatstein and Sanchez, 2009 ). This could occur in the tree row, as a “living mulch” or in the drive alley, where the legume biomass could be mowed in place, mowed, and

Actinorhizal plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) through symbiosis with Frankia , a genus of actinobacteria, and have great potential for sustainable landscaping ( Kratsch and Graves, 2004 ). Plant growth and development may be

. This N enrichment lasted for three crops after application. Nitrogen contribution from clover was evident in 2000, where leaf N in those plots was significantly greater than the control, and it increased in 2001. In a related mineralization experiment

a major component in container substrates. Plants grown in pine bark substrates tend to have high nitrogen requirements due to the immobilization of N by microbes that degrade pine bark ( Prasad, 1980 ). Thus, woody ornamental plants grow best in

growing substrate for each pot by hand at rates of 0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35, or 1.65 kg·m −3 nitrogen. The guaranteed minimum analysis of this CRF is 8.09% ammonical N, 7.16% nitrate N, 3.75% urea N, 6.00% phosphoric acid, 13.00% soluble potash, 4

research has focused primarily on older varieties of velvet bentgrass selected from South German mixed bentgrasses ( DeFrance et al., 1952 ; North and Odland, 1934 ; Skogley, 1975 ; Sprague and Evaul, 1930 ). Proper nitrogen fertilization is essential