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with a forested watershed (less than 1 lb/acre per year N). These researchers, however, also noted high retention (75%) of N inputs in the urban watersheds mostly consisting of fertilizer and atmospheric deposition. In other studies of urban turf and

et al., 1986 ). Nevertheless, wood decay fungi are the primary and most common cause of decreases in mechanical strength of wood in standing trees ( Råberg et al., 2005 ). Studies of wood decay development in forest and urban trees have involved

Urban residential landscapes are dynamic, varied, and complex, which makes their classification challenging ( Grimm et al., 2000 ). Furthermore, the plant community, which is the basic unit that landscape ecologists use to classify natural

://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas > U.S. Forest Service 2006 Community tree guides. 24 June 2017. < https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/urban_forestry/products/tree_guides.shtml > U.S. Forest Service 2017 i-Tree: Tools for assessing and managing forests and community trees. 24 June 2017

Sustainable Landscape Interpretation Enhances Student Acceptance Sustainable landscapes are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance ecological benefits in urban and suburban landscapes. However, adoption of sustainable landscapes

stress under irrigated conditions in desert urban areas Ecohydrology 7 5 818 823 Webb, W. Szarek, S. Lauenroth, W. Kinerson, R. Smith, M. 1978 Primary productivity and water use in native forest, grassland, and desert ecosystems Ecology 59 6 818 823 White

; McCullough et al., 2001 ). It is a significant tree species in urban forests, identified as the species of greatest importance in Washington, DC ( Nowak et al., 2006 ) and listed as one of the most important park trees in Boston ( Welch, 1994 ). Increased

micronesica K.D. Hill and Cycas revoluta Thunberg trees. These two Cycas species were widely planted throughout the urban landscape before the pest invasions, and the regionally endemic C. micronesica was a dominant forest species. Coccobius fulvus

Urban areas started as complex social structures ≈10,000 years ago. Many of the earliest urban areas developed in arid climates near reliable fresh river water resources ( Redman, 1999 ). In the modern era, urban and suburban population growth has

Nontimber forest products derived from trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants include fruits and nuts, herbal medicinals, handicrafts, and specialty woods. Markets for these commercial products may range from local and small to regional niches to large