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the material. Fig. 1. Collection sites used in the study to investigate leaf anatomic features of pecan cultivars Pawnee, Mohawk, and Starking Hardy Giant. Sample preparation. Pecan leaves are hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata

not the basis leaf. The numbers of adaxial and abaxial stomata were obtained to detect changes in adaptation. Data were obtained using clear nail varnish to make an impression of the epidermis in glass slides and coverslips. Impressions were observed

plant breeding and genetic improvement. Following chromosome doubling, autopolyploids may produce larger organs and larger amounts of biomass, have higher biological yields, show changes in anatomical structures (primarily in stomata size and density

larger stomatas, pollen grains, and seeds ( Abdoli et al., 2013 ; Xu et al., 2013 ). Additionally, flower diameter of tetraploid plants was significantly larger than that in diploid plants ( Abdoli et al., 2013 ). As we all know that flower is the key

. However, assessments of stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis need to take into account new information about limitations to photosynthesis imposed by the movement of carbon dioxide from inside the stomata to the site of fixation inside

heights of the plants were measured using a ruler. The flower diameters, the widths and lengths of the petals, and the thicknesses of the leaves were each measured using a vernier caliper. The lengths and widths of stomata and stomatal densities were

plants ( Franks and Farquhar, 2001 ). One of the most scrutinized ABA effects is that on g S . ABA is produced in response to drought conditions, accumulating in the leaves and causing the guard cells to respond by either closing stomata or preventing

. Furthermore, few studies of abiotic stress resistance have been reported. A thorough study of drought responses of six apple species, including M . sieversii , was reported by Jinghui et al. (1996) . Based on leaf area index, stomata density, osmotic

kV. Thickness of leaves, cuticle, palisade tissue, and midrib were measured and calculated from 15 observations. Stomatal density and ratio of opened stomata (the ratio of the average number of open stomata and the average total number of stomata

major cause of postproduction decline in greenhouse crops, and plants quickly become unsalable ( Armitage, 1993 ; Barrett and Campbell, 2006 ; van Iersel et al., 2009 ). The ABA helps plants survive drought stress by closing stomata to reduce