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different types of explants (nodes, internodes, hypocotyls, half seeds, and fruit segments) in the induction media ( Table 1 ) was evaluated to select the most adequate explant for the induction of friable callus. The explants were taken from aseptic plants

live and photosynthesize, as the cotyledons are also functional leaves ( Bisognin et al., 2005 ). Rather than putting energy into new growth, carbohydrates are stored in the hypocotyl and cotyledons of the rootstocks. Previous experiments have revealed

to describe the events associated with direct somatic embryogenesis induced from the hypocotyl in C. chinense and to determine the structures and tissues of the explant involved in the development of the morphogenetic process through the monitoring

sterile double-distilled water, and germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium ( Murashige and Skoog, 1962 ). After 14 d of germination, shoot tip, nodal, and hypocotyl explants were excised from the seedling and inoculated on regeneration media. Media

parameters were measured 14 d after SL treatment initiation. Hypocotyl diameter was measured immediately below the cotyledons using an electronic digital caliper (DigiMax; Wiha, Schonach, Germany). Hypocotyl length and epicotyl length were measured using a

regeneration systems. A previous report showed that calli could be induced from the hypocotyls of five Se-hyperaccumulator and three nonaccumulator species of Astragalus by including 13.57 μ m 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the induction medium

. Embryos were aseptically excised from immature seed. The cotyledons and hypocotyls were dissected with a sterile surgical knife and then plated separately on 10 mL of solidified medium in 6-cm-diameter plastic dishes. Murashige and Skoog's basal (MS

Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) is a gaseous hormone that is produced by plants during growth and development and in response to environmental stress ( Abeles et al., 1992 ). At the seedling stage, ethylene causes reduced hypocotyl elongation, increased

7 to 21 d from seeding with a minimum height of ≈5 cm ( Kyriacou et al., 2016 ). Also, commercial microgreen production has been increasingly switching from hand- to machine-harvesting to reduce labor cost. Microgreens with hypocotyls <5 cm are

that microgreens are harvested at the base of the hypocotyl when the first set of true leaves start to emerge, while baby greens are harvested after the first set of true leaves has developed, generally ≥21 d after germination ( Treadwell et al., 2010