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produce ABA in low levels in the absence of stress factors. Therefore, ABA is an important component in the mechanisms of resistance and adaptation to abiotic stress conditions ( Berli et al., 2010 ). The role of ABA in protecting the xanthophyll cycle (de

the current study, it was found that pigments involved in the xanthophyll cycle were affected by light intensity. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in excess light energy dissipation within the plant, with the specific pigments involved in this cycle

need for further upregulation or 2) there is a limited capacity of the xanthophyll pigments to upregulate. The stepwise decline of the chlorophylls suggests a need for further upregulation of the xanthophyll cycle, but the data show a limited capacity

temperatures drop; however, chlorophyll continues its light-absorbing properties ( Verhoeven et al., 2005 ). Therefore, photoinhibition will occur unless the xanthophyll cycle and/or antioxidant leaf enzymes minimize excessive light accumulation ( Deming

integral subunit of light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis. In plant mutants void of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids, lutein functions in nonphotochemical quenching as a photoprotectant against oxidative damage ( Niyogi et al., 1997 ). The only previous

PPF that exists in fruit peel with a lower stomatal density results in a high surface temperature of the peel than that seen with the leaves under sunlight ( Glenn et al., 2002 ). Cheng and Ma (2004) indicated that the xanthophyll cycle functions as

Massachusetts: HPLC analysis of Xanthophylls Cycle Lien-Yang Chou 1 *, Ndi Geh 1 , Sean Cederlund 1 , Peter Jeranyama 2 , Carolyn DeMoranville 2 , and Harvey J.M. Hou 1 ; 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285

freezing injury in oleander, because it is rapid (especially F v /F m ), sensitive, non-destructive, and relatively inexpensive. Literature Cited Adams, W.W. III Hoehn, A. Demmig-Adams, B. 1995 Chilling temperatures and the xanthophyll cycle. A comparison

Postharvest Biol. Technol. 1 119 125 Ma, F. Cheng, L. 2003 The sun-exposed peel of apple fruit has higher xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation and antioxidants of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway than the shaded peel Plant Sci. 165 819 827 Ma, F

the lumen (ΔpH) during PSN also senses changes in light, regulates electron transport, and modulates nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in PSII ( Foyer et al., 2012 ; Kono and Terashima, 2014 ). The photoprotective xanthophyll cycle is a significant