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were cleaned from adhering potting medium, washed, and blotted dry. Plant tissue was dried in an oven at 53 °C to a constant weight, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were determined. Shoot to root ratio was determined by dividing combined dry

transplanting (WAT), and continuing every 2 weeks until 24 WAT, four replicates of each treatment were measured for GIs and destructively harvested. Shoot-to-root ratio was calculated for each replicate by dividing shoot dry weight by root dry weight. Total

established. Daily irrigation of Ilex cornuta ‘Burford Nana’ during establishment significantly increased shoot number, shoot-to-root ratios, and the percentage of roots originating from the top half of the root ball. Less frequent irrigation promoted deeper

ramet in treatment R 3 R 2 R 1 P , where the roots of the youngest ramets were treated with PEG ( Fig. 2 ). Fig. 2. Shoot-to-root ratio of endogenous hormone concentration (μg·kg −1 fresh wt) in the ramets of ‘Texoka’ buffalograss. POO, OPO, and

. repens , and Spathiphyllum ‘Sweet Chico’ in 15-cm pots. With respect to shoot-to-root ratio, plants fell into one of three groups: species that increased their shoot-to-root ratio with increased PPF (significant in C. elegans , F. repens , and P

for Expts. 1 and 2 equaled nine. Data for experiments were analyzed independently. Growth data, consisting of growth index, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total biomass, and shoot to root ratios, were analyzed by GLM with two irrigation

constant weight at 65 °C and then weighed. Plant total dry weight was calculated as the sum of dry weights for all the plant parts. Shoot-to-root ratio (S/R) was calculated by dividing the sum of leaf and stem dry weights by root dry weight. Specific leaf

mycorrhizal plants, which in environmental conditions such as Almeria’s producing fields, where water is a precious treasure, is priceless. Finally, the shoot-to-root ratio for dry biomass decreased to 24.49% in mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal

. Roots were gently washed to remove medium; shoots and roots were separated and dried at 60 °C to a constant weight and weighed. Shoot-to-root ratios were calculated for each seedling by dividing shoot biomass by root biomass. Seedling root and shoot N

shoot-to-root ratio ( Moya et al., 2003 ). Salinity tolerance also can be equated to continued growth and high water use efficiency under salinity stress ( García-Sánchez and Syvertsen, 2006 ). High Cl – and/or Na + concentrations in well