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−1 at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C). Seeds were blotted dry with a paper towel, weighed, and replaced in containers at 4-h intervals for 96 h. Percentage water uptake was calculated on the basis of actual increase in seed mass over the initial seed

magnitude of change in stem counts between seedbed preparation treatments, and seed mass was the predictor variable. The magnitude of change for each species’ stem counts was calculated as [(μ 1 + 0.01) − (μ 2 + 0.01)]/(μ 2 + 0.01), where μ 1 = stem

reproductive characteristics in angiosperms, II: Seeds and seedlings Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2 237 260 Susko, D.J. Lovett-Doust, L. 2000 Patterns of seed mass variation and their effects on seedling traits in Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae) Amer. J. Bot. 87

; whereas PI 432337 exudate was not inhibitory at up to 60% concentration, but inhibition was 50% with undiluted exudate. The 20% concentration is approximately equivalent to the seed mass per volume water like in the whole seed bioassays ( Tables 1 and 2

.B. Tjoelker, M.G. Walters, M.B. Vanderklein, D. Buschena, C. 1998 Close association of RGR, leaf and root morphology, seed mass and shade tolerance in seedlings of nine boreal tree species grown in high and low light Funct. Ecol. 12 327 338 Schwartz, B. 1997

Leadem, C.L. 1997 Dormancy-unlocking seed secrets, p. 43–52. Natl. Proc., For. Conservation Nursery Assn. Rpt. PNW- G TR-419. U.S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv., P.N.R.S, Portland, OR Mazer, S.J. Lowry, D.E. 2003 Environmental, genetic, and seed mass effects on

.X. Han, J.G. 2007 Effect of seed mass and sowing depth on seedling establishment Pratacultural Sci. 24 44 49 (In Chinese) Lu L.X. Huang H.B. Menzel C. 2001 A review of embryo development in litchi Acta Hort. 558 241 242 Menzel, C.M. 1985 Propagation of

observed using TEM. The seed mass, together with the contents of water, oil, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in the seeds at different developmental stages were determined. Our aim was to acquire systematic knowledge of oil body formation

. Also, competition among fruit is thought to be proportional to sink size, which in turn is related to fruit and seed mass, but not to fruit number ( Farinelli et al., 2002b ; Rosati et al., 2010 ). In many fruit growth models such as the “Peach” model

, which was adjusted by 100-seed mass for each cultivar. Therefore, seed costs were $9.0 (AGS 292, Besweet 292, Gardensoy 42) and $10.8 (Midori Giant) per 1000 seed. Wholesale price of marketable pods was assumed $6.6 per kg for all cultivars. Seeding cost