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America Corp., Aurora, IL). In the 2007–2008 cropping year, fruit detachment force (FDF, kg-force) was measured 6 d after spray treatments in both mature and developing fruit with a digital force gauge (Force Five; Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, CT). For

the force was recorded at 2.5 mm deformation on opposite sides of the equatorial region of each fruit. Maximum force generated during probe travel was used for firmness values. Avocados were considered full-ripe when whole fruit firmness decreased to

accelerate abscission by decreasing the detachment force of mature citrus fruit have been identified ( Burns et al., 2003 ; Hartmond et al., 2000a , 2000b ; Kender et al., 1998 ; Yuan et al., 2002 ). Among these compounds, 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1 H

equipment ( Rejano et al., 2008 ). Low fruit removal efficiency is usually related to fruit retention force, something that also depends on cultivar. This force is greater in green than in fully ripe fruits and therefore more energy is required to detach the

of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange following CMNP application. Progressive decline in fruit detachment force (FDF) was observed following CMNP treatment, which showed the occurrence of cell wall loosening in AZ tissue ( Kumar and Ebel, 2015 ). The decline in

. 2012 Genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships of Capsicum chinense J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 137 250 262 Motsenbocker, C.E. 1996 Detachment force and fruit characteristics of Tabasco pepper at several stages of development HortScience 31 1231

infection were correlated with chlorophyll degradation followed promptly by accelerated abscission of needles ( Fuhrer, 1985 ). Previous work with balsam fir has implicated continuous ethylene exposure as a signal to induce abscission after root detachment

fertilization affects leaf nutrient content and growth of ‘Shawnee’ blackberry J. Plant Nutr. 16 297 303 Stiles, H.D. Tilson, W.M. 1998 Sepal color change relates to fruit quality, firmness, and detachment force in erect and semi-erect thornless blackberry