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certified nursery use in California must be evaluated and accepted by the appropriate regulatory bodies. If the efficacy of a treatment is accepted, it can be added to CDFA's “Approved Treatment and Handling Procedures to Ensure Against Nematode Pest

and Dunes Courses) ( Whitten, 2019 ). All of these golf courses, and many more along the coast from Carmel to Mendocino, have been affected at one time or another by pacific shoot-gall nematode ( Anguina pacificae ), which was first discovered in 1978

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major pests of red raspberry, reducing yield and cane growth, and leading to economic losses in many production regions ( Bélair, 1991 ; McElroy, 1991 ; Szczygiel and Rebandel, 1988 ; Trudgill, 1986 ). Plant

Watermelon ( C. lanatus var. lanatus ) is an important vegetable crop grown in the United States with an annual production of 2.1 million tons and a farm value of $435 million ( U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 2007 ). Root-knot nematodes

). Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. are considered major pathogens causing yield losses in Phaseolus vulgaris L., especially in regions with prevalent high temperatures, an environmental factor that increases stress and interferes with the

The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White, causes severe yield losses to pepper production in sub-tropical climates throughout the world ( DiVito et al., 1985 , 1992 ; Sasser and Freckman, 1987 ). In

pesticides to help plant growth and bulb development. Treasure Valley onion fields are commonly fumigated with the commercial fumigant metam sodium to help control weeds, pathogens, and nematodes. Fumigation normally occurs the fall before spring

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are used as biological control agents to regulate a variety of insect pests ( Chyzik et al., 1996 ; Georgis et al., 2006 ; Gouge and Hague, 1995 ; Hara et al., 1993 ; Oguzoglu and Ozer, 2003 ). The two most

Root-knot nematodes are widespread worldwide and cause significant reductions in the yield and quality of storage roots in sweetpotato ( Clark and Moyer, 1988 ). The worldwide distribution of root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne Goeldi species

Plant–parasitic nematodes were first reported in Rubus species in North America in the 1930s, when Pratylenchus species were associated with declining red raspberries ( Rubus idaeus L.) ( McElroy, 1992 ). Of the plant–parasitic nematodes