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-induced chlorosis. Foliar application of N after de-submergence substantially increased chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, leaf area, dry matter weight, specific leaf weight, and tiller regeneration ability of rice ( Gautam et al., 2014a , 2014b ). Exogenous

increase the size or “bulk up” a containerized crop and reduce the disease pressure posed by senesced flowers. We have found no published information on effective concentrations of ethephon for foliar spray applications on streptocarpus to inhibit or delay

; Singerman et al., 2018 ). The past studies were limited to tree density only, and scarce literature is available about the effect of high-density plantings with conjunction of soil and foliar nutrient application on grapefruit tree health, fruit yield, and

-applied fertilizers form the foundation of horticultural mitigation of deficiencies. Under some conditions, these added nutrients may become unavailable to the managed plants due to soil characteristics or plant competition. Foliar applications and trunk injections of

important fungal diseases of cucurbits are powdery mildew (PM) and downy mildew (DM) ( Zitter et al., 1996 ). These foliar diseases reduce fruit number, fruit quality, and the length of time crops can be harvested. Fungicide application to vegetable crops is

(NO 3 − ) simultaneously to plants which benefits the fruit development, and avoid NO 3 − leaching from soil compared with soil application of N ( Dong et al., 2005 ); on the other hand, the foliar application of NO 3 − easily led to negative effects

leachate pH and EC values of petunia were significantly affected by drench treatments ( P < 0.05), but not foliar treatments ( Table 1 ). pH and EC values increased significantly with increases in RWE drench application rates. Spray treatments did not

. Properly timed foliar applications with phosphonates have been shown to be an excellent preventative control measure for brown rot of citrus fruit and root rot incited by Phytophthora species ( Graham, 2011 ). For brown rot control in South Africa, it is

antiadhesive properties, repelling water, particles, pathogens, and other molecules, which could hinder the uptake of foliar applications of nutrients and pesticides in an agricultural system ( Bargel et al., 2006 ; Koch et al., 2008 ). The plant cuticle is

). Foliar application is one of those technologies, which was heavily investigated in the late 1940s and early 1950s ( Fritz, 1978 ; Haq and Mallarino, 2000 ). Compared with soil applied fertilizers, foliar applied fertilizers correct nutrient deficiencies