. Fertile florets are differentiated as of the second branching order in terminal position. Sterile florets are differentiated later and are located on the secondary branchings of the dichasium. Inflorescence development takes place over two growing
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Gilles Galopin, Sandrine Codarin, Jean-Daniel Viemont, and Philippe Morel
Ellen Thompson, Bernadine C. Strik, John R. Clark, and Chad E. Finn
primocanes and winter pruning of floricanes. Tipping the upper portion of the primocane in early summer removes apical dominance and encourages branching. Similarly, soft-tipping (removing the upper 2 to 5 cm) primocane-fruiting types in early summer may be a
Benjamin D. Toft, Mobashwer M. Alam, John D. Wilkie, and Bruce L. Topp
Lespinasse, 2001 ; Sherif, 2013 ), and increased branching can improve early flowering of mango due to availability of terminal shoots ( Oosthuyse and Jacobs, 1995 ), although similar relationships are unclear for macadamia. Therefore, it is necessary to
Diana R. Cochran and Amy Fulcher
phytotoxicity ( Meijón et al., 2009 ) and be perceived as digressing from sustainable production ( Lütken et al., 2012 ). Plant growth regulators have several modes of action, including branch inducing, chemical pinching (chemicals that suppress apical dominance
Bernadine C. Strik, John R. Clark, Chad E. Finn, and Gil Buller
this new crop. Soft-tipping the primocane at 1 m induced branching and increased flower and fruit number and yield threefold without affecting fruiting season in Oregon ( Strik et al., 2008 ). A double tip, where branches are further shortened, has been
Peter J. Zale, Daniel K. Struve, Pablo Jourdan, and David M. Francis
focused on the creation of interspecific hybrids with the goal of improved flower quality, flower color, or flowering period. There have been no reports of studies on other morphological characteristics of M. virginiana such as height, branching pattern
Takashi Ikeda, Keisuke Yamazaki, Hiroshi Kumakura, and Hiroshi Hamamoto
in late summer in 2003 and 2005 accelerated fruit growth on the primary axillary branch, which differentiates after transplanting. Materials and Methods High-bench culture with medium cooling. The high-bench culture system was
Jer-Chia Chang and Tzong-Shyan Lin
initial fruit set increased with increasing leaf area. By girdling and removing different numbers of fruit and leaves from branches, Roe et al. (1997) reported that developing fruit of ‘Tai So’ depended primarily on current CO 2 assimilation from leaves
Diana R. Cochran, Amy Fulcher, and Guihong Bi
production to improve overall shape and reduce plant size, encourage branching, and influence flower development, all of which have been reported by retail consumers as important characteristics of plant quality ( Glasgow, 1999 ). However, hand pinching or
Ulrik Bräuner Nielsen and Gary A. Chastagner
Kathy Riley and Gerner Frederiksen during harvest and data collection is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to Langesø Estate for hosting the provenance trial and for allowing harvesting of branch samples.