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, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and cold treatments ( Cao et al., 2013 ). We subsequently isolated apple MdMYB4 , owing to its relatively high expression under stress, which suggested that MdMYB4 plays a role in abiotic stress tolerance. Materials and Methods Plant

results were observed in hydroprimed and KNO 3 -primed sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) under saline and drought conditions ( Kaya et al., 2006 ). Polyethelene glycol 8000 (PEG8000)-primed soybean ( Glycine max L.) showed enhanced seed germination and

) with 10 mL of a polyethylene glycol [PEG (PEG 8000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO)] solution at ψ S of −1.25 MPa and then sealed with laboratory film (parafilm M; Bemis Flexible Packaging, Neenah, WI). The PEG concentration was calculated according to

modified PEG method ( Rowland and Nguyen, 1993 ) with Plant DNAzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) as described by Sugimoto et al. (2005) . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed by the GeneAmp PCR System Model 9700 (Applied Biosystems, Foster

gene banks for strawberries ( Table 1 ). Total DNA was extracted by using a modified PEG method ( Rowland and Nguyen, 1993 ) with Plant DNAzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), as described by Sugimoto et al. (2005) . Two noncoding regions of cpDNA

mL distilled water or 10 mL of solution containing various concentrations of (±) abscisic acid (ABA; 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μ m ; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000; Sigma-Aldrich) and placed in petri dishes (9 cm diameter

10 mL of distilled water, a solution of (±) abscisic acid (ABA; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000, Sigma-Aldrich) and placed in 9-cm petri dishes. The PEG concentrations were calculated to obtain water potentials of −0

( Hoaglandand Arnon, 1937 ), under the fluorescent lighting (200 μE·m −2 ·s −1 ) at 22 to 24 °C and a 14/10-h light/dark cycle 60% relative humidity and then irrigated with 200 mmol·L −1 NaCl and 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively, for 24 h. Each

stain (3% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, 5 µg·mL −1 of PI, 180 units/mL RNase, 0.1% Triton X-100 in 4 m m citrate buffer). The solution was transferred to a 1.5-mL tube and incubated in a water bath for 20 min at 37 °C. PI salt stain (3% w/v PEG

of sweetpotato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] under PEG-induced water stress Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca 45 164 Zhang, C. Shi, S. 2018 Physiological and proteomic responses of contrasting alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) varieties to PEG