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trays of ‘Strawberry Festival’ transplants with red light LED lamps and another two trays not receiving the red light treatment were placed in an EGC M-36 growth chamber (Environmental Growth Chambers, Chagrin Falls, OH) under a 16-h light/8-h dark

under a 10-h photoperiod ( Wen, 2009 ). The air temperature was maintained at 20 °C, while the mean temperature measured at the top of the canopy in each treatment described below was (± se ) 23.5 ± 0.5/21 ± 0.5 °C (light/dark cycle), synchronized with

enables profitable production during winter, when vegetable prices are highest ( Cook and Calvin, 2005 ). Nevertheless, several greenhouse facilities are also located in light-limited northern climates (low light intensities and short days), where optimal

k where A net is the net CO 2 assimilation rate, Rd is dark respiration, θ is the quantum use efficiency, PPF is the incident irradiance, A max is the maximum gross CO 2 assimilation (light-saturated net CO 2 assimilation + Rd ), and k

HY5. HY5 acts as a central regulator in light signaling pathways driven by red, blue/UV-A, and UV-B. COP1, an E3 ligase, targets HY5 for degradation in the dark. Under red or blue light, complexes formed between PHYA–E and PIFs (red) or CRY1 and SPA1

volume) mixture. Seeded pots were placed in a greenhouse at 25 °C for 7 d with a 14 h light/10 h dark regime. Plants were watered daily without adding any nutrient. Treatments. For cold acclimation, the 5-d-old seedlings were chilled at 10 °C for

as minimum chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state ( F 0 ), maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state ( F M ), steady-state fluorescence yield ( F S ), minimum fluorescence of the light-adapted state ( F 0 '), and maximal

processes, which include the xanthophyll cycle and molecular rearrangement of the chlorophyll antennae and photosynthetic reaction centers ( Demmig-Adams et al., 2012 ; Horton, 2012 ; Rochaix, 2014 ; Ruban, 2015 ). Because light drives photosynthesis more

supplemental lighting. Moreover, solar radiation is comprised of 30% to 33% green light regardless of time of year ( Gómez and Mitchell, 2015 ). Green light has been shown to inhibit the action of cryptochrome, likely through modifying the photoreduction cycle

Seed propagation of bedding plants for spring markets commonly begins during the late winter months, when the greenhouse photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) in northern latitudes can be as low as 1 to 5 mol·m –2 ·d –1 ( Pramuk and Runkle