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insufficient root development and root plug cohesion ( Boudreault et al., 2014 ). Good root development contributes substantially to the optimal quality of plug seedlings. In the process of handling and planting seedlings with a firm root plug are important for

(Hoolehua NRCS PMC germplasm no. 9079806) plugs were prepared by planting seeds in 72-cell plastic trays filled with potting mix (ProMix ‘BX’/Mycorise® Pro; Premier Tech Horticulture, Quakertown, PA). The tropical fimbry seeded into trays were allowed to

) for 21 d. After the culture period, 5-mm-diameter plugs of growth medium containing the pathogens were placed into sterile 15-cm-diameter petri dishes containing 10 mL of 60% clarified V-8 broth nutrient solution ( Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996 ) with or

production option (double-cropping) with conditioned plugs ( Fernandez and Ballington, 2003 ), Straw (2005) observes that “recovering production costs in the fall” may be an important way to reduce risks associated with annual strawberry plasticulture

Plug transplants of strawberry have been replacing traditional bare-root transplants despite their higher costs because the newer approach can reduce the incidence of soilborne disease and improve transplant quality under a controlled environment

be transplanted successfully is essential to obtain quality plants and reduce production costs ( Cavins and Dole, 2001 ; van Iersel, 1997 ). Although it may be more economical to leave plants in plug trays for as long as possible before transplanting

seedlings, also known as young plants or plugs, have led to a large increase in finish plant quality and profitability ( Armitage and Kaczperski, 1994 ; Kuehny et al., 2001 ). Young plant production occurs in late winter and early spring when the integrated

% at 68 DAT. No research has investigated the phytotoxic response of hooker’s evening primrose plug transplants to preemergence herbicides. Varied phytotoxic responses of common evening primrose to preemergence herbicides suggest that options may exist

study, labeled rates of dithiopyr and prodiamine significantly reduced root fresh weight of hybrid bermudagrass plugs when compared with pendimethalin and oxadiazon ( Fishel and Coats, 1994 ). Producing new roots quickly is critical to establishing

impacts of production (rounded to 0%; Kendall and McPherson, 2012 ). After germination, seedlings in our model system are grown in indoor greenhouse space until they are large enough to be transplanted from their initial plug tray cell to a larger, final