yellow green stigmas with 20 to 31 stamens, anthers are purplish red, rich in pollen, and the pistils are the same height as the stamens. Inflorescences are composed of seven to eight flowers and chromosome number is 2 n = 2 x = 34. Fruit. The
cultivars were Camelot (Seminis, Oxnard, CA), Lafayette (Siegers Seed Co., Holland, MI), Sirius (Siegers Seed Co., Holland, MI), and Stiletto (Rogers, Boise, ID). ‘Camelot’ (red fruit) and ‘Lafayette’ (yellow fruit) are susceptible to Tomato spotted wilt
. Decay is characterized by external lesions and often only part of the internal flesh is red, whereas the unaffected flesh remains white. Unlike most postharvest decays in other crops, there is little spread of disease from infected to healthy fruit in
M. Kellerhals and A. Aeppli. XII A 277 x Elstar; selected 1987; USPP 19,615; 6 Jan. 2009. Fruit: broad globose to conical globose to conical; medium, 77 mm diameter; little crowning; little greasiness; high amount and intensity of orange-red to red
Phytophthora is a severe root rot disease in most raspberry production regions throughout the world. Disease control options are limited to raised bed culture and fungicide applications. Few Phytophthora-resistant varieties are available that have commercial quality. Little is known about how soil amendments (i.e., composts, fertilizers, and limestones) influence Phytophthora control in raspberry. We evaluated the effects of preplant soil modification on the incidence of Phytophthora root rot in red raspberries. The experiment was conducted simultaneously at two sites to differentiate between the nutritional value of the amendments and the disease control value. One site has a known history of Phytophthora and a the second site is assumed to be free of the causal organism. Raspberry plant growth and fruit yield measurements were taken for all treatments. Preplant soil application of Gypsum (CaSo4) and post-plant applications of phosphorous acid sprays (H3PO3) had the greatest fruit yields compared to all other treatments in the Phytophthora-infested site. Gypsum-treated plots had greater cane diameter, cane height, and cane density compared to the control plots on the Phytophthorainfested site. A second experiment was conducted to further investigate the use of gypsum for control of Phytophthora in raspberries. Field soil was collected for use as potting medium from each of the aforementioned sites and pathogen free `Titan' plants were established in the greenhouse. After subsequent floodings, gypsum-treated soils delayed foliar disease symptoms compared to the control plots. At the end of the experiment, the control plants had 100% foliar disease symptoms and gypsum-treated pots had 33% disease symptoms. This study suggests that gypsum could be used in an integrated approach to Phytophthora management in raspberries. Future research should identify minimal effective rates of gypsum, examine other calcium sources, and determine effectiveness in other fruit crops.
The New York strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) industry is focused on sale of relatively short term storage cultivars that are ripe at harvest. Although storage of harvested fruit at low temperatures is generally recommended, growers have reported reduced fruit quality in the market after low temperature storage. Therefore we have explored the potential for using intermediate temperatures for strawberry storage. Physical qualities and antioxidant composition of the Jewel cultivar stored in 75%, 85%, or 95% RH at 0.5, 10, and 20 °C for 4 days have been studied. Overall quality declined more rapidly at 20 °C, especially at 95% RH, than at 10 °C and 0.5 °C. There was little change in weight loss at 0.5, 10, and 20 °C for 2 days but it increased at the lowest RH at 10 °C and increased rapidly from day 3 at 20 °C in lower RHs. Firmness was maintained, or even increased, at 0.5 or 10 °C than 20 °C, but soluble solids concentrations were lower at higher than lower storage temperatures. Red color development and anthocyanin concentrations were controlled more at 0.5 or 10 °C than at 20 °C. Total phenolic compounds were higher at 20 °C than at other temperatures at all RHs. The total antioxidant capacity of berries was higher at 10 °C than at 0.5 or 20 °C. However, total ascorbic acid concentrations, flavonoid contents, and were not affected by RH and temperature. In conclusion, while the best temperature for long term storage is 0.5 °C, quality can be maintained at 10 °C for acceptable periods of time. High RH environments increase the loss of quality at higher storage temperatures. Higher storage temperatures may cause faster ripening and accumulation of antioxidant compounds, but marketable quality of the fruit may be reduced.
grapefruits ( Kawada, 1980 ), whereas mature green fruit developed CI symptoms and appeared to be more sensitive to low temperatures than red-ripe pepper fruit ( Lin et al., 1993 ). However, little additional information has been documented on the relationship
Strawberry ( Fragaria sp.) is a perennial herb in the Rosaceae family. The flower petals usually are white and the fruit color is mostly red, with only a small proportion of white or pink fruit for cultivation ( Darrow 1966 ). Approximately 300
= no red color and 9 = red color covering the entire fruit surface. In the spring after the thinning treatments, the total number of flower clusters per tree was counted as a measure of return bloom. Statistical analysis. The data were evaluated by
colorimeter (ColorFlex EZ; Hunter Associates Laboratory, Reston, VA, USA) was used to quantify lightness, chroma, and hue on the green and red fruit peels of each fruit. Fruit firmness was measured with a fruit texture analyzer (GS-20; Güss Manufacturing Ltd