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selected for its good fruit productivity, upright plant habit, good fruit quality, and high resistance to fungal diseases in July 2006 by S. Pluta. The name of ‘Polares’ derives from initial letters of words—Poland and resistance. Description and

disease resistance of ‘Victoria Red’, particularly to the more common diseases such as black rot, powdery and downy mildews, and anthracnose. Powdery mildew was observed on leaves and berries in 1 year in Arkansas. Extensive fungal disease observations

winterhardiness to routinely and adequately survive winter and still have enough tissue left to recover. Fungal diseases can damage foliage and other plant organs and compromise overall plant performance. In locations where conditions are conducive to the

; Rémus-Borel et al., 2005 ), and strawberry ( Kanto et al., 2006 ). The mechanism involved in Si-induced resistance of plants to fungal diseases is not yet fully understood ( Epstein, 1994 ). Some authors suggested that Si acted as a physical or

developed to help tomato grower's time fungicide applications for the control of early blight, anthracnose fruit rot, and septoria leaf spot ( Pitblado, 1992 ). Tom-Cast predicts fungal disease development by recording field data on leaf wetness and

are also discussed. Methods and Materials Experimental material. Ten parental gooseberry cultivars ( Table 1 ), originating from different countries and differing in horticultural traits of plant and fruit morphology and reaction to fungal diseases

problematic fungal diseases of the genus is cherry leaf spot (CLS) incited by Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx. (syn. Coccomyces hiemalis B.B. Higgins). CLS is a devastating pathogen on ornamental cherries, black cherries ( Prunus serotina Ehrh.), sweet

known to have beneficial human health attributes ( Brandt and Mølgaard, 2001 ). For instance, plant fungal diseases can stimulate the shikimic acid or phenylpropanoid pathway, which can in turn stimulate phenylalanine ammonia lyase, a key enzyme in

present, more than 20 kinds of fungal diseases of peony have been reported, of which gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an increasingly severe disease with a high frequency of occurrence ( Yang et al., 2017 ). The pathogen can cause necrotic leaves

. Woolhouse, A.R. 1989 Fungal diseases of amenity turf grasses. E & F.N. Spon Ltd, London, UK Wiggen, K.D. Smith, N.A. 2000 The fairy ring: Favorite fairy tales of many countries. Reprinted from 1910 edition. Fredonia Books, Amsterdam, The Netherlands