Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the chloroplast and nuclear genome are useful for estimation of phylogenetic relationships. Fifteen mutations at restriction enzyme sites in the chloroplast DNA were discovered. The wild species A. oschaninii and A. vavilovii were identical to A. cepa for all mutations. These species represent sources of wild germplasm closely related to the bulb onion. Nuclear RFLPs are now being used to estimate the genetic distances between accessions of A. oschaninii A. vavilovii, and open-pollinated populations of the cultivated bulb onion.